15^thEuro Obesity and Endocrinology Congress June 17-18, 2019 London, UK

Biography:

Hajiyeva Yagut Hajiali gizi is a PhD in Medicine, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Public Health and Health care at AMU. She is currently working on the dissertation by studying the spread of hypercholesterolemia and its prophylaxis at the population level

Abstract:

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia (HCS) and obesity play an important role in the development of vascular and other pathologies. It has been proven that these risk factors are often encountered in outpatient materials. At present the availability of test system currently allows cholesterol (CS) levels to be determined in non-ambulatory conditions, allowing for relevant research at the population level.

Materials & Methodology: At the same time with the survey (SF-36 survey questionnaire) among the population of Baku, finger-prick blood was taken on the principle of voluntarism (Accutrend Plus test system). The obesity was determined by the Ketle index. On the whole, 2013 inhabitants were examined. 318 uncontrolled arterial hypertension (UAH) cases were identified as markers to assess the role of HCS and obesity in vascular pathology that was found during the survey.

Results: HCS was detected in 78.6 0.9% of the patients, and obesity (>30kg/m2) in 29.8 1.0% of them (P<0.001). Both factors have positive correlation dependence. (r= +0.92±0.06). As age of examined patients increases (<20- ≥70), obesity indicators increase from 17.8±2.5 to 41.6±3.2% (P<0.001), HCS from 74.7±2.8 to 82.4±2.3% (P<0.01). The discovered 412 cases of obesity have been associated with HCS (68.7±1.9%), and both factors have been significantly higher than the norm. Obesity and HCS were observed jointly in 247 of 318 UAH cases, CS was in the norm in 50 obesity cases, and on the contrary, body weight was in the norm in 16 HCS cases.

Conclusion: Obesity and HCS are prevalent among urban population, increase according to age, often adapt to one another and play the role of vascular pathology, especially the risk factors of UAH. In population researches obesity and HCS allow the screening of UAH both separately and especially jointly.

Biography:

Difei Lu has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the health and wellbeing of patients with diabetes or obesity in China. Graduated as MD in Peking University Health Science Center, she works as a Specialist in Endocrinology Department at Peking University First Hospital. After the multidisciplinary team for obesity of Peking University First Hospital was launched since 2016, she participated in the clinical practice and collected data. Since then, nearly one thousand obesity patients were regularly followed up in the MDT for obesity. This approach provided a real world-based data for weight control efficacy of MDT for obesity in China.

Abstract:

Introduction: Adropin and irisin are known as peptide hormones that regulate food intake and energy expenditure.

Aim: Our study aimed to investigate the association between adropin and irisin levels with obesity and metabolic indicators of obese patients in China.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 70 overweight and obesity patients who were regularly followed up in the multidisciplinary clinic for obesity and 28 healthy individuals who visited physical examination center of Peking University First Hospital were enrolled in our study. Demographic data and obesity related metabolic indicators were collected during the first visit. Serum adropin and irisin levels were evaluated using EIA kit and ELISA kit, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0.

Findings: Serum adropin levels reduced significantly in overweight/obesity group comparing with healthy individuals (6.92±2.43 vs. 7.97±1.84, p=0.043), while irisin levels showed no difference between the two groups. Adropin level was negatively associated with UA level in whole study individuals (r=-0.223, p=0.030) and positively associated with HDL-c level (r=0.214, p=0.043). In overweight/obesity subjects, adropin level was positively associated with proportion of daily protein intake (r=-0.278, p=0.029). Adropin levels decreased significantly in patients with metabolic syndrome (6.68±2.44 vs. 7.67±2.13, p=0.036), hyperuricemia (6.52±2.42 vs. 7.52±2.10, p=0.036), low-HDL (6.49±2.57 vs. 7.57±2.08, p=0.036) and NAFLD (6.73±2.36 vs. 7.68±2.10, p=0.039), comparing with those without the disease. Irisin levels reduced significantly in patients with NAFLD (11.43 vs. 13.18, p=0.043), comparing with those without NAFLD.

Conclusion & Significance: Adropin might play a beneficial role in obesity, lipid and uric acid metabolism, and the level decreased in obese, hyperuricemia, low-HDL or NAFLD patients. Irisin levels reduced in NAFLD patients.

Biography:

Swati Jain is presently working as an Asst. Prof in Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi. She completed her PhD in Life Sciences from the Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India. She is a qualified nutritionist. Her PhD thesis and research work was focused on appetite regulation, specifically on a nutritional approach for sustenance during conditions of food shortage. During that time she has published extensively in international scientific research journals and was awarded a fellowship for her research and international Travel Grant Awards from Indian Council of Medical Research and Department of Biotechnology. She has also written health magazines as a nutrition expert and has travelled internationally for conferences. Before, she had studied at University of Delhi for her Masters and Bachelors in Food and Nutrition. Her main research interest areas have centered on mechanism based nutrition studies, intervention research focused on nutrition issues related to chronic disease risk reduction and self-management; child growth and malnutrition.

Abstract:

Purpose: The goal is to optimize the anesthetic aid for bone-plastic operations in orbit with double access (transconjunctival or transorbital in combination with transnasal endoscopic access). The tasks are 1. To evaluate the efficacy of combined general anesthesia with sevoflurane, propofol with regional anesthesia, including: palatine access to the wing-palatal anesthesia (palatinal); infraorbital anesthesia; the van Lint block; application anesthesia; 2. To evaluate the safety this investigation.

Materials and Methods: The object of the study is children aged 4 to 17 years. Premedication is not performed. For all children in all groups, the induction of anesthesia is performed by inhaling sevoflurane through the facial mask with the preliminary filling of the respiratory circuit of the anesthesia apparatus with a gas-drug mixture with an anesthetic content of 7-8% by volume.Maintenance of anesthesia during spontaneous breathing through ETT is carried out as follows: inhalation of sevoflurane in an air-oxygen mixture with an O₂ content of 40% and an anesthetic concentration of 0.7-0.9 MAK and intravenous injection of propofol at a dose of 2 mg/kg immediately after induction; regional anesthesia: anterior-temporal blockade, Wang Lint block, infraorbital anesthesia and palatine anesthesia, application anesthesia.

Biography:

Wen-Chieh Wu is a PhD student of Nutrition at China Medical University since 2013. His work focuses specifically on precision nutrition of pregnant and postpartum women. In addition, he has collaborated with company to develop genetic testing products and personalized meal services

Abstract:

DHA is important for the development of brain and retina in newborns. Considering that exclusive breast feeding for atleast 4-6 months are globally recommended, plus it is well known that nutrient requirement is determined by both genetic and environmental (including diet) factors, this clinical study was sought to investigate how the DHA levels in maternal milk is modulated by genetic variants and dietary n-3 LCPUFA intake. To recruit subjects (n=193), the inclusion criteria are Han Chinese women just having delivered full-term baby, 20-40 years old, healthy and willing to breast feed their baby for atleast two months. Written informed consent will be obtained from participants. Personal information (or covariates) such as height, weight (before getting pregnancy and delivery, respectively), age, parity, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, gender of baby etc., and DNA from oral swab will be collected. Breast milk and dietary data will be collected at the end of the 1st and 2nd month of postpartum period. Considering Han Chinese women usually have special postpartum diets and care during puerperium. Therefore, collection of breast milk and dietary information will be repeated at the 2nd month. The fatty acid composition in milk will be analyzed by gas chromatography. Using food frequency questionnaire, intake of n-3 LCPUFA from foods and fish oil supplements will be calculated. We foresee that results of this study might contribute to public health care as nutritionists/dietitians will be able to target the vulnerable subjects, who are dietary dependent for DHA, for dedications in nutrition consults or customized dietary guidance. Moreover, this information is valuable in making policy regarding dietary recommendation in Taiwan.

Biography:

John Otieno has his expertise in Nutrition, WASH, Livelihoods and health programing. His passion driven nutrition advocacy, Policy development and health systems strengthening for the last 7 years has put him at better place to head nutrition and implement one of the largest and heavily Funded US AID HIV/ Nutrition Care and treatment program-APHIA-Plus, from 2012-2018.Currently he is the food and nutrition pillar Manager at FEED the Children, an anti-hunger organization based in Kenya, Africa. He is also a board chair for Scaling up Nutrition Civil Society Alliance- Kenya. He has worked in different diverse complex, humanitarian and developmental environments, developing key nutrition strategies and approaches revolving around nutrition demonstration centers for people living with HIV sustainability methodology for Community Health Units and Nutrition Advocacy for adolescents. He is aspiring to be world’s leading nutrition programmer.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Globally in 2016, 22.9% of children under the age five of years suffered from child stunting. Child Growth Standards median show a restriction of a child’s potential growth. Child stunting can happen in the first 1000 days after conception and is related to many factors including socioeconomic status, dietary intake, infections, maternal age, nutritional status, micronutrient deficiencies and the environment. It is one of the underlying causes for death of 2.2 million children below five years every year worldwide.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The CG approach is a community-based strategy for promoting behavior change. A CG comprises of 10–15 community based volunteers that fortnightly, meet with project staff for training and supportive supervision. It’s different from typical mother’s groups in that each volunteer is responsible for bi-monthly meeting with 10–15 of her neighbors, sharing, learning and facilitating behavior change at the household level. Behavior change is enhanced through peer support. In Kibera one of the largest slums in Africa adopted the care group approach which was geared to reduce stunting through promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding appropriate complimentary feeding and essential hygiene actions.

Findings: Nationally the stunting rate of children below five years in Kenya is at 26%, Kibera was at 33% when the implementation started in 2015. An impact assessment and midterm evaluation done through a Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition survey (SMART) elucidates a quantitative reduction of stunted growth among children had reduced in the second year of project implementation to 16.2%. Anecdotal feedback from the beneficiary neighbor women significantly showed how effective care group has changed their knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practice towards feeding and hygiene practices in the informal settlements.

Conclusion & Significance: A child is said to be stunted when he/she is too short for their age. If a child is stunted before the age of five, it can slow down the growth of her body and mind. Stunted children with deficiencies of iodine and iron may suffer irreversible brain damage, impeding them from reaching their complete developmental potential. To achieve tangible reduction of stunting and adoption of key nutrition to care group is the way to go as an appropriate methodology in urban and rural settings. Since it has a multiplying effect to a larger population. The behaviours promoted in this model require minimal financial resources to ensure the practices are adopted due to its unique structure.

Biography:

Yu-Shun Lin has completed his Doctor Degree in China Medical University in Taiwan. Currently, after finishing his PhD, he is pursuing his Postdoctoral research. He has expertise in studying the safety of oxidative frying oil, researching the topic for a long time. His research finding evidence shows for the first time that oxidative frying oil influences estrogen receptor function having the endocrine disrupting potential.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The objective was to investigate endocrine-disrupting effects of polar compounds from oxidized frying oil. Estrogenicity of polar compounds was tested with a rat uterotrophic bioassay. Dietary oxidized frying oil (containing 50% polar compounds) or polar compounds isolated from it were incorporated into feed (in lieu of fresh soybean oil) and fed to ovariectomize rats, with or without treatment with exogenous ethynyl estradiol. Exogenous estrogen restored uterine weight, and caused histological abnormalities (stratified epithelia and conglomerate glands) as well as proliferation of uterine epithelial cells. However, tamoxifen or polar compounds reduced these effects. Furthermore, tamoxifen or polar compounds down-regulated uterine mRNA expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-target genes, implicating reduced ER activity in this hypo-uterotrophic effect. Inhibition of ER signaling and mitosis by polar compounds were attributed to reduced MAPK and AKT activation, as well as a reduced ligand binding domain-transactivity of ERα/β. We concluded polar compounds from frying oil are potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals, with implications for food and environmental safety.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In the study, a uterotrophic bioassay in rodents, suggested by EPA test guidelines (OPPTS 890. 1600), was used to test in vivo estrogenicity of polar compounds from oxidative frying oil. To eliminate interference from endogenous estrogens or the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovariectomized mature female rats were used. Chemicals with agonistic or antagonistic activities toward natural estrogens are assessed based on uterine weight or uterotrophic response. In addition, an in vitro ER reporter assay was conducted to verify (anti)estrogenic effects of saponifiables (hydrolysis released fatty acids) from polar compounds (compared to fresh oil).

Findings: Polar compound fraction (PC) in oxidized frying oil is anti-estrogenic; the hypouterotrophic effect of PC was attributed to suppress ER signaling; PC inhibited epithelial proliferation by reduced MAPK and AKT activation and PC reduced ligand binding domain transactivity of ERα/β.

Conclusion & Significance: This study provided evidence of the endocrine-disrupting potential of polar compounds from OFO. Inhibition of ER signaling and mitosis in the uterus by polar compounds were attributed to reduced MAPK and AKT activation, as well as a reduced ligand binding domain-transactivity of ERα/β. Despite food safety limits of a maximum of 25% polar compounds in many countries, the potential and relative risk for endocrine disruption remains to be determined.

Biography:

Humaira Binte Asad is currently serving as an Assistant Professor in Biochemistry at Laboratory Services Department at National Institute of ENT. She completed her MBBS from Dhaka Medical College and MD (Cli. Biochem) at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. She joined government job after qualifying BCS (health) in 1995. Since then, she served at different Thana Health Complexes in different districts. She also served at Medical Colleges and Institutes like Dhaka, Sir Salimullah, Faridpur Medical College and NIDCH. She has a number of publications at national level. She is the Press and Publication Secretary of running Executive Committee of Bangladesh Society of Medical Biochemists and also the Executive Editor of Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry. She is a Member of Human Genome Organization. She was trained in Medical Biotechnology. As a member of organizing committee she arranged different national conferences of BSMB.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Copper and Zinc are extremely important trace elements involved in a number of metabolic processes. Imbalance of trace elements may be the consequence of certain disorders (Khan 1994). Zn plays a major role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form. The decreased Zn affects the ability of the islet cell to produce and secrete insulin thus compound the problem, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. Cu is an integral part of numerous enzymes like cytochrome c- oxidase, superoxide dismutase involved in metabolic processes.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The aim of this study was to find out the association between fasting plasma insulin and plasma, Cu-RBC and Zn-RBC among both the control healthy, newly diagnosed type 2 DM. A case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry jointly with the Department of Endocrine Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 64 non-smokers, non-alcoholic, normotensive subjects free from renal and hepatic diseases were included in this study. Among them thirty three were newly diagnosed by type - 2 DM. Thirty one were age and sex matched healthy control.

Findings: Mean±SD of fasting insulin was 13.13±7.87 μU/mL and 16.53±13.78 μU/mL in healthy controls and newly diagnosed type 2 DM. The median value of RBC Zn of both groups was 6984.00 ppb (ranging 5693.50-7796.00 ppb) and 5155.50 ppb (ranging 2820- 6153 ppb) respectively (p<0.001). Significant negative correlation was found between plasma Insulin and RBC Zn (p< 0.0001, r = -0.7881) in newly diagnosed type 2 DM. All the median values of trace elements significantly differed between groups.

Conclusion & Significance: Micronutrients derangement could be related to type-2 diabetes mellitus development as well as its complications.