Day 1 :
- Obesity Obesity | Causes Obesity in Real Life | Anti-Obesity Drugs | Diet & Nutrition | Obesity and Diabetes | Obesity: Current research | Childhood Obesity and Effects | Obesity and Endocrinology | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Bariatric Surgery
Location: 1
Session Introduction
Alphonse Laya
University of Maroua, Cameroon
Title: Phenolics (bound and free) in edible cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves harvested at different time affected by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and their antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and anti-obesity (lipase) inhibitory activities
Biography:
Dr. Alphonse Laya, has done PhD in Biochemistry at the University of Maroua, Cameroon. He is a postgraduate fellow at CSIR-CFTRI, India and postdoctoral fellow at Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. He Published 15 articles in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Edible cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) were consumed as vegetable for their bioactive compounds, however the effect of harvesting time on these bioactive compounds and their antidiabetic and anti-obesity inhibitory activities were scarcely reported in the literature. Phenolics from edible leaves harvested at different time were assessed using HPLC-DAD, and their antidiabetic and anti-obesity inhibitory activities were investigated before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed significant (P<0.05) effect of harvesting time on phenolic contents. Bound phenolics showed higher lipase inhibitory activity than their free fractions. However, phenolic contents decreased after in vitro digestion, while they showed high antidiabetic and anti-obesity inhibitory activities. The present study demonstrated that edible leaves harvested at different times are rich in flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins and saponins. These bioactive compounds are highly potent against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, we recommend edible cassava leaves for important biological active compounds for the prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Bound phenolic, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, antidiabetic, Manihot esculenta, harvest time, type 2 diabetes.
Evangeline oparaocha
Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
Title: Child obesity in Nigerian: Causes, health impacts and prevention
Biography:
Evangeline oparaocha is affiliated to the Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
Abstract:
Childhood obesity is a complex health issue. It occurs when a child is well above the normal or healthy weight and height for his or her age. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. The causes of excess weight gain in young people in Nigeria, are similar to those in adults and major factors are life style and genetics. Behaviors that have been observed to influence excess weight gain in Nigerian children, include high calorie, low-nutrient foods, increased portion size, over consumption of beverages, not getting enough physical activity, sedentary activities such as watching television or other screen devices, medication use, and sleep routines.
In contrast, consuming a healthy diet and being physically active can help children grow as well as maintain a healthy weight throughout childhood. Balancing energy or calories consumed from foods and beverages with the calories burned through activity plays a role in preventing excess weight. In addition, eating healthy and being physically active also has other health benefits and help to prevent chronic diseases such as cancers, neurological and renal disorders, as well as heart diseases later in life which are usually products of child obesity.
Biography:
I graduated from Medical School in 1989 and I have more than 30 years’ experience in academic medicine, currently I am an associate professor in the demartment of medicine at University of Florida, Jacksonville and play a leadership role in outpatient medical service as a medical director. I serve as a senior editor of Cureus Jounal and member on American Board of Internal Medicine item writing task force. I served as a co-investigator in multiple studies and receive neumorus exemplary teaching awards.
Abstract:
Obesity is an epidemic that significantly affects the healthcare system in the world and especially in the USA. AMA declares obesity as a chronic disease in 2003. Managing Obesity impose a big challenge to the healthcare providers and has great implication given the associated health risk with obesity including DM, CAD, liver disease, cancer, osteoarthrisit, depression, and all over mortality. Obesity and overweight have been associated with increasing health care costs and mortality.
AHA/ACC/TOS published guidelines in 2013 to help Primary care physician mange patients with obesity and overweight. First it is important to Identify patients who need to lose weight by measuring BMI and Assess risk factors for CVD and obesity related comorbidities.
Life style modification is the cornerstone for managing obesity and it is important to Assess patient to achieve weight loss and identify barriers to success.
In the last few years FDA approved four new medication as an adjunctive therapy to behavioral therapy for weight loss. Long term medication is indicated for patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² or BMI ≥ than 27 Kg/M² with comorbidities. Primary care physicians should discuss with patients the risk and potential side effects, and determine if benefits outweigh the risks. Weight loss medication usually helps patients to adhere to law calories diet and maintain weight loss.
Locaserin, Phentermine- Tpoiramate ER, Naltrexon-Bupropion SR and Saxenda are the approved medication in 2012- 2014.
There is no one size fit all, patient shared decision making will lead to a successful weight loss plan.