Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Gary D Stoner
The Ohio State University, USA
Keynote: Black raspberries for prevention of aerodigestive tract cancers
Time : 09:30 to 10:10
Biography:
Abstract:
Our laboratory has investigated the ability of different formulations of black raspberries (brb) to prevent the development of aerodigestive tract cancers. Preclinical studies have shown protective effects of dietary freeze-dried black raspberries against oral, esophageal and colon cancer in animals. Mechanistically, the berries inhibited tumor development in these sites by reducing abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation, and by increasing apoptosis in carcinogen-treated premalignant tissues. Gene expression changes in these tissues correlated with the cellular events associated with tumor inhibition. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or in patients at increased risk for cancer development. The initial clinical study in humans was a phase i trial in which freeze-dried brbs were administered to humans at a dose known to be chemopreventive in animal models. The berries were found to be well tolerated, however, the uptake of both brb anthocyanins and ellagic acid into blood was less than 1% of the administered dose. Thus, berries are most effective in tissues where localized absorption is possible. With this in mind, different formulations of brbs have been evaluated for their effects on preneoplastic lesions or cancers of the human oral cavity, esophagus and colon. These are follows: 1. Oral cavity: topical application of a brb gel to dysplastic lesions (oral leukoplakia) caused histologic regression associated with improved histologic grade and reduced loss of heterozygosity at tumor suppressor gene loci, as well as protective modulation of genes linked to RNA processing and growth factor recycling. 2. Esophagus: in patients with Barrett’s esophagus, oral consumption of brbs increased tissue levels of GST-pi and decreased urinary 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. There was little effect on lesion size. 3. Colon: in colorectal cancer patients, brb consumption inhibited cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) and caused demethylation of tumor suppressor genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway. In patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, brb suppositories inhibited rectal polyp progression and improved plasma cytokine profiles. 4. Stomach: because we have found recently that an extract of brbs inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori, there is an ongoing trial to evaluate the effects of brbs on stomach cancer. Common themes across studies support that berries are anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, reduce oxidative stress and restore tumor suppressive activity.
Keynote Forum
Marcello Menapace
M&Ms Consulting Ltd, UK
Keynote: Recent advances in nutritional sciences: an overview of glycans and miRNAs
Time : 10:10 to 10:50
Biography:
Marcello Menapace completed his first master’s Degree in Chemistry at the University of Milan (Italy); second master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA) at the London School of Business and Finance in London (UK) and his PhD in Life Science at the H S University in Philadelphia, USA. He is a Researcher, Philosopher, Scientist, Medical Writer and Professional Regulatory Consultant. He has worked in the pharmaceutical industry for over 15 years as a Lead Consultant and Research Scientist for various biotech companies and is a Member of the professional organization TOPRA. He is the Director of M&Ms Consulting Ltd., a high-end consultancy service organization. He has published one scientific paper on Science and Ethics and is an Honourable Speaker at the European Congress of Applied Science and is currently collaborating with biotech companies to publish other biological and chemical research manuscripts.
Abstract:
There are many nutritional substances that humans consume on a daily basis: water, carbohydrates lipids and proteins are main biochemical components of food. Others in a smaller amount are vitamins minerals and enzymes. At a possibly lesser quantity are glycans and miRNAs. The presence of oligoglycans in all food sources is an established fact for many years. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms that we eat and remain intact through the GI tract as we lack the enzymatic repertoire of the human body to unbind their particular β-linkages. Glycans bind to naturally present human lectins (through protein-carbohydrate interactions), but also with other human glycans (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Moreover, these glycans like fibres, are digested by the gut microbiota that resides within the intestine. As our biochemistry shapes the composition of the microbiome, so does the composition of glycans and foods that we consume, triggering biological responses. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, 19 to 23 nucleotide long RNA molecules and affect the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA) influencing protein synthesis. miRNAs are also present in foods and act on both the microbial composition in our gut and may be absorbed by the walls of the GI tract, demonstrating resistance to food processing and enzymatic attack. Though still a topic of controversy these small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression may directly enter into the circulating miRNA population of dietary exogenous miRNAs. It can hence be possible to identify a relationship between glycans and miRNAs in food one side, microbiota composition on the other and the resultant health status of the host (immune system) on the third side.
Figure: Interaction among food, microbiome and gut. Three-way interaction of food, GI microbial communities and GI tract. Firstly, food shapes the commensal microbiota in the gut by defining which microorganism will thrive and which won’t. Secondly, human gut will modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Finally, glycans and miRNAs from both food and commensal bacteria can be pass through the GI tract walls and interact with the immune system.
Keynote Forum
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Keynote: Changes in soil available nutrients, by using NaCl, improve nutritive and health promoting compounds in the edible seeds of three different variety of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)
Time : 11:10 to 11:50
Biography:
Muscolo Adele pursued MSc in Biological Sciences and PhD in Food Science at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started her professional career as a Researcher at Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), where she is still working as Full Professor in Soil Chemistry and Ecology. Since 1990 she is a Reviewer for international scientific journals and since 2008 she is an Evaluator of projects for European Community, International Funding Research Agencies and Italian and Foreign Research Ministries. She is an Examiner of international PhD dissertation. She has over 180 papers in international journals with IF. Citations: 1597 H index: 21. She has been serving as an editorial board member of many international journals. She is Associate Editor for JFR.
Abstract:
Lentil is a grain legume important in human diet for its richness in protein and bioactive compounds. Lentil is cultivated worldwide but salinity is limiting its productivity mainly in Mediterranean and Eastern Countries. Few studies evaluated changes in the edible part of lentil under salinity. Considering the importance of this legume from a nutritional point of view, we cultivated three lentil accessions native to south and central Italy in 100 mM NaCl conditioned soils to verify if salinity affected the productivity, the nutritive values and phytochemical contents of their edible part (grain). The growth and nutritive properties of each local variety (Castelluccio di Norcia, Ustica and Pantelleria) have been compared to lentil cultivated in unsalinized soil (own control) and to the same local variety sold to the market. Our results evidenced that NaCl increased total proteins in respect to all the commercial and control lentils. No differences in the carbohydrate content among the salinized, commercial and control lentils were instead detected. The antioxidant capacity, detected as ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH ( 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and Ferrozine activities increased in salt affected lentils. In addition, we observed an increase in total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids that are considered potent antioxidants. The ethanolic extracts of the edible seeds of the different local varieties of lentils showed a higher number of compounds in all the NaCl grown lentils compared to the corresponding varieties grown in the same soil without salts or to the own commercial variety. In respect to the increase and appearance of antioxidant compounds in the edible part of lentils grown under salinity we can assume that NaCl, changing the ratio of nutrients availability, can cause nutritional alterations and/or osmotic stress that activate the secondary metabolism of plants causing an over production of phytochemicals with proven positive effects on human health.
Keynote Forum
Surajit Mitra
Post- Harvest Technology, India
Keynote: Nutritional quality and anti-nutritional facts of tropical tuber crops
Time : 11:50 to 12:30
Biography:
Surajit Mitra acquired his BSc (Ag.) Hons. Degree securing a first class in 1990; MSc (Ag.) in Horticulture (1993) and PhD in Horticulture Degree (1998) from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya respectively. He is currently a Professor and Head of the Department of Post-Harvest Technology under the Faculty of Horticulture at the same university. He was awarded several National and International Fellowships, and participated in International Training Courses on Postharvest Technology, and has research experience of having worked at Kasetsart University, Thailand; Postharvest Education Foundation, USA; Agricultural Research Organization, Israel; and Wageningen University, The Netherlands. He also attended and presented several research papers on postharvest technology in International Conferences in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Germany. He delivered a Lead Lecture on “Tropical tubers as alternate staple crops for food and nutrition security” at the International Seminar on ‘Agriculture and Food for Inclusive Growth and Development during 14-15 January 2017 at Lucknow, UP, India. He also delivered an Invited Lecture in the workshop on Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR (SIAC) – Sweet potato organized by International Potato Center (CIP), Peru at Jameson Inn Shiraz, Kolkata on April 10, 2016.
Abstract:
Tropical tuber crops are used either as a staple or subsidiary food in several countries of South America, Africa and South East Asia, and form the means of sustenance for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical world. Being the rich source of starch, the tubers are used as staple food in many counties. Tubers are boiled, baked, fried or processed into various delicious dishes. Sweet potato, an important member of the tropical tuber crops has a great potential to be an efficient and economic source of energy due to its high production potential in a very short period of time. Both the tubers and tender leaves are good source of vitamin B1, vitamin C, β-carotene, calcium, iron, potassium, sodium and dietary fiber. Sweet potato flour is widely used in bakery and confectionery in some countries. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes having high β-carotene, the pro-vitamin A can be included in the regular diet to tackle the problem of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Purple-fleshed sweet potato having high anthocyanin is also gaining importance as an antioxidant food. Anthocyanins, as a functional food component having free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacities are linked to a broad-based range of health benefits including improvement in visual acuity and liver function, and the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Increased consumption of purple-fleshed sweet potato tubers rich in anthocyanins, the important members of the flavonoid group of phytochemicals, referred as bioflavonoids can play important roles in maintenance of human health. Sweet potato has now been labeled as an anti-diabetic food and is considered as new world’s food
security crop. Tubers of sweet potato, elephant foot yam and yams were quantified for proximate contents such as carbohydrate, starch, total soluble solids, sugar, protein, fat, vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidant, phenol, tannin, oxalate and trypsin inhibitor using standard methods. Irrespective of flesh and skin colour of tubers, a linear increase in dry matter, starch and total sugar content of different cultivars of sweet potato were found throughout the growing periods, while b-carotene content showed an increasing trend only up to 105 days of planting and declined thereafter. A declining trend in ascorbic acid content was observed with the maturity of the tubers. Yam cultivars were found to have high nutrient and low anti-nutrient values. Antioxidant activities of all the cultivars of yam were very high. The Dioscorea alata cultivars showed comparatively higher carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin C, β-carotene, and antioxidant activities than D. rotundata. A decreasing trend in starch, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and carbohydrate content of elephant foot yam corms was observed, while total sugars, TSS and phenol contents were found to increase during storage.
- Nutrition and Cancer| Nutrition and Health| Plant nutrition and Nutraceuticals| Obesity and Nutrition
Session Introduction
Sima Hamadeh
Haigazian University, Lebanon
Title: Smart Food Policies for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle among Children and Adolescents
Time : 12:30 to 12:55
Biography:
Sima Hamadeh is currently an Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Nutrition & Dietetics Sciences at Haigazian University (Lebanon). Her interests lies in such areas as the dietary motivations and behaviors in communities; the evolution of nutrition; the epidemiology of obesity especially among youth; the health promotion and communication; and the nutrition policies. Her Master and Doctoral studies were awarded respectively, the “Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2009” - as Highly Commended Award Winner and the “Prix d’Excellence Scientifique Franco-Libanais 2015” for the outstanding research project. She has several publications in scientific refereed journals and book. She has also many oral communications on public health nutrition in international and national congresses. She works closely with different national ministries and organizations, and international institutions in projects, seminars, researches and community programs. She is also a former Member of several executive international scientific committees and associations.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Food policies have an essential role for preventing global obesity epidemic and health problems. The interaction between individuals’ factors and the environments and systems in which people live provides a novel perspective to understand how various food policies work in different settings.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore how combined food-policy actions work and how such policies can be designed to be more effective with substantial and sustained effect specifically on youth lifestyle.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Our approach draws on evidence from a range of disciplines (socio-psychology, communication, social marketing, nutrition economics and public health nutrition) to develop an innovative holistic conceptual framework to understand how food policies work in different areas such as school settings, food industry, and marketing. Directed and semi-structured individual interviews, and focus groups were conducted with 115 participants (67 adults and 48 youth) in Lebanon. Collected data have been submitted to a thematic qualitative analysis.
Findings: Effective food-policy actions should be: 1) tailored to the preference, behavioral, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics of the people they seek to support, 2) designed to work through the mechanisms through which they have greatest effect and, 3) implemented as part of a combination of complementary and mutually reinforcing actions. Mobilization and organization of public and key stakeholders support for bold executive actions is crucial.
Conclusion & Significance: Smart food-policies should be comprehensive to create positive changes to food, information, social environments and food systems that enable youth to learn healthy behaviors. Policies assessments should be carefully designed using indicators of progress along the various pathways towards the short and long-term goals of promoting and improving healthy lifestyles among youth.
Robert Sullivan
Erchonia Lasers Ltd, UK
Title: Pre-diabetes management in obese patients using 635 nm of laser light to modify/correct the anticipated outcomes
Time : 13:55 to 14:55
Biography:
Robert Sullivan is a progressive Podiatrist and Surgeon. He has demonstrated an ability to think outside the box when it comes to client care, which has led him to greatly expand his scope of practice through education and research. He is a widely published and sought after Guest Lecturer and Speaker around Europe and the US. His special interests include, Pain Management, Obesity and Diabetes Control using Laser Intervention, Biomechanics and Mycology. He has been at the forefront of research in cold lasers for nearly six years and his research includes, Onychomycosis, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, and Obesity Management. He is currently researching the human papilloma virus and complex regional pain syndrome.
Abstract:
Cold lasers have been used in weight management and body contouring for a many years, but as a modality, is often overlooked and misunderstood. Drawing on clinical evidence gathered over many years, it is possible to see how 635 nm laser can be used for the good of the patient and benefit or change their quality of life. A review and follow-up of 140 patients in a randomized double blind study investigating the efficacy of 635 nm lasers in the management of pre-diabetes patients, shows that 635 nm of light can reverse the anticipated clinical outcomes in 90% of patients reverse the anticipated clinical outcomes. The study presented here includes obese patients with pre-diabetes, aged between 40 and 65 year old. 50% of the patients received dietary advice and true laser and 50% received LED and dietary advice. This study represents a breakthrough in the treatment of pre-diabetes patients, using a modality usually used in the cosmetic industry. We have demonstrated in this study that laser can be an effective adjunct to conventional treatments in the obese pre-diabetes patient. 10% of the sham study patients as opposed to 90% of patients in the true laser group reduced their weight considerably over 10 weeks and 20 laser treatments and were no longer a diabetes risk (monitoring was advised).
- Role of Nutrition in Disease Prevention| Nutrition and Food Science| Obesity| Obesity in Teens and Adolescents| Obesity& Food
Session Introduction
Qianru Chen
Ocean University of China, P R China
Title: Protective effects and mechanisms of Alaska pollock skin derived collagen peptides on intestinal mucosal barrier function
Time : 14:55 to 15:20
Biography:
Qianru Chen has her passion and expertise in food science and nutrition. She is committed to the study of the health benefits of bioactive collagen peptide derived from marine materials. Her research on the relationship of fish skin derived collagen peptides and intestinal barrier function provides a potential therapy for improving gut health and a new way in collagen peptides based functional food development.
Abstract:
- Statement of the Problem: Intestine, a tightly regulated barrier responsible for nutrients absorption and defense against noxious molecular and organisms, has been recognized as a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy, inflammation bowel disease, celiac disease and development of immune and organ dysfunction after burn and critical illness. Thus, the protection of intestinal barrier function is regard as a pivotal target for health and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients. Collagen peptides (CPs) have been shown to have broad spectra of physiologic and pharmacological properties and confirmed as a safe nutritional supplement for the development of functional food by many international organizations
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of CPs on intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo.
- Findings: Collagen peptides derived from Alaska pollock skin could attenuate TNF-α induced barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 cells and burn induced intestinal barrier disruption of mice via inhibiting the NFκB and MAPKs-mediated MLCK pathway with associated reorganization and decreases of tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin.
- Conclusion & Significance: This study first systematically studied and elucidated the protective effect of Alaska pollock skin derived collagen peptides on intestinal mucosal barrier function and its mechanism. It not only provides a theoretical basia for the development of CPs supplemented functional foods, but also offers a new strategy for the patients suffering from intestinal barrier dysfunction.
Thamer Al Ohali
King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Title: Metabolic syndrome, diagnosis and management
Time : 15:20 to 15:45
Biography:
Thamer Al Ohali is a Family Medicine Consultant with Subspecialty in Public Health and Healthcare Quality Improvement. He is the Chairman of Family Medicine Quality Improvement Committee at KFMC. He completed his Residency Training program at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh on 2011. He obtained his Clinical Health Care Quality and Patient Safety Fellowship in University College London Hospitals in 2014 and in January 2016 he completed his Clinical Fellowship in Primary Care and Public Health at Imperial College London.
Abstract:
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of various metabolic conditions thought to be related to insulin resistance. These conditions include abdominal obesity, plus abnormalities in the lipid and glucose metabolism. Metabolic syndrome usually increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and several cancers. More than one third of the USA adult population has metabolic syndrome. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that about 25% of the world's population has metabolic syndrome, and the prevalence s with age and certain ethnicity. The signs and symptoms may include: hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia reduced high-density lipoprotein HDL and abdominal obesity. The most important risk factors are sedentary lifestyle, genetics, diet and aging. Many diagnostic guidelines are available for metabolic syndrome; the International Diabetes Federation, WHO, US NCEP and American Heart Association are the most widely used diagnostic guidelines. Each guideline has its own definition of metabolic syndrome. The primary management goals are to treat the underlying cause as well as inhibit the progression to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. The initial step in management of metabolic syndrome includes healthy lifestyle, regular moderate intensity activity, and diet and weight loss. In addition to the lifestyle modification and weight loss, pharmacologic interventions can be used to treat the underlying cause and other manifestations.
Caroline Agboola
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Title: Lap-band weight loss surgery: the experiences of patients
Time : 15:45 to 16:10
Biography:
Caroline Agboola is an NRF Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Abstract:
Obesity has been identified as a global epidemic in developed countries, with the United States of America reported to have one of the highest numbers of obese people in the world. This epidemic has been observed to be a growing problem that is experienced by developing countries, such as South Africa, too. South Africa is reported to have one of the highest prevalence of obesity in Africa. One of the ways that people manage obesity is through weight loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery. There are various types of weight loss surgeries, but the focus of this paper is lap-band weight loss surgery. This paper seeks to examine lap-band surgery from the perspectives of the people who have had the procedure in South Africa.
Panupong Puttarak
Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on mood and cognitive function
Biography:
Panupong Puttarak received his Doctor of Pharmaceutical Science, Prince of Songkla University. 2008 His is a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, from Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Prince of Songkla University. 2012. Later he started his employment as lecturer at department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-yai, Songkhla, Thailand. And his expertise fields: Phytochemistry, Standardization, Natural Products, Evidence-based medicine, Clinical pharmacy.
Abstract:
- Statement of the Problem: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has a long history as herb for brain tonic, mental disorders and memory-enhancing in Asia. A number of clinical studies of C. asiatica on mood and cognitive effect have been reported. However, no summarizes the overall evidence of C. asiatica on cognitive function. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study aims to determine the effects of C. asiatica on mood and cognitive function. International and Thai databases were searched for clinical studies investigating C. asiatica. Outcomes of interest were any measure on mood and cognitive function. Mean changes of the outcomes from baseline were compared by standardized mean difference. Findings: Eleven randomized controlled trials involving 642 patients were included. C. asiatica could increase alert score [SMD: 0.71 (95%CI; 0.01 to 1.41); p = 0.046, I2 = 30.5%] and decrease anger score at 1 hour after treatment [SMD: -0.81 (95%CI; -1.51 to -0.09); p = 0.026, I2 = 36.6%]. Overall effects indicated no significant differences between C. asiatica and comparators on every cognitive domain except a comparison of combination products which could decrease time of problem solving in executive function domain [SMD: -0.77 (95%CI; -1.26 to -0.27); p = 0.002, I2 = 0.0%] compared with a comparator. No study reported adverse effect of C. asiatica. Conclusion & Significance: C. asiatica could increase alert and decrease anger score. However, C. asiatica has no clinical effect on cognitive function. Future well-designed clinical trials of standardized C. asiatica are still needed.
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
Thammasat University, Thailand
Title: Benefits of step-counting device-based intervention in overweight participants
Biography:
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat completed her PhD from the University of Derby, United Kingdom. She is the Assistant Professor of Physiotherapy at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. Her research focuses on cardio-respiration in physiotherapy, cardiovascular reactivity and health psychology, physical activity and geriatric conditions.
Abstract:
Obesity and overweight are a major risk factor of hypertension and leads to cardiovascular disease. Increased physical activity has been recommended for the prevention of these diseases. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of accumulating 10,000 steps per day on physical and mental health conditions. Thirty participants with overweight (defined as body mass index: BMI ≥25 kg/m2), both male and female within the age range of 35–59 years were recruited. These participants were recommended to accumulate at least 10,000 steps per day. Measurement of anthropometry, resting blood pressure, blood glucose and the profile of mood states scales (POMS) questionnaire were taken pre- and post-walking program for 12 weeks. Daily step counts were recorded using a Yamax SW-200 pedometer. During the walking intervention, individuals who accumulate 10,000 steps per day were observed with significantly lower weight, waist circumference, BMI, body fat percentage, resting systolic blood pressure and blood sugar (p<0.05) as compared to what it was prior to the study program. Further, the benefits of accumulating 10,000 steps a day were noted in mental health conditions: decreased tension, depression, anger, confusion, fatigue. In conclusion, accumulating at least 10,000 steps per day resulted in improved anthropometry (BMI, % body fat, waist circumference). In addition, a in reduction resting systolic blood pressure, blood glucose and decreased mental health problems in overweight participants was observed. This shows that increase in physical activity by accumulating at least 10,000 steps per day can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and psychological health problems in overweight adults.
Yu Qing Zhang
Soochow University, P R China
Title: Inhibition of morusin from edible medicinal mulberry to two tumor cells by inducing cell apoptosis and disturbing the cell cycle
Time : 17:20 to 17:45
Biography:
Yu Qing Zhang obtained his PhD in Technology of Bioscience from Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan in 2005. He is a Professor of Applied Biology Department as well as the Silk Biotechnology Lab at Soochow University, P R China since November 2007. His research interest focuses on characterizing mechanical and biological properties and developing new use of silk biomaterial, in particular, applications of silk protein in biomedical materials, biomedicines, daily fine chemicals or cosmetics. Currently, he is appointed as a Scientist of the China Agriculture Research System (CARS) by the Agricu lture Ministry of China.
Abstract:
Morusin is a prenylated flavonoid that is extracted from the root bark of Morus alba, which has been found to play a role in anti-cancer promotion. Here, we first screened the effects of morusin on 20 kinds of cancer cells. We found that the tumour inhibitory ratio of the high concentration treatment group (20 µg/ml) could reach 84% with a dose effect manner. The average half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20 kinds of cancer cells was 14.79 µM, of which 80% was less than or equal to 15.36 µM. Second, we investigated the effects of morusin on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells, and explored its mechanism. Morusin remarkably inhibits the growth of these cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic results showed that the apoptotic rate of MDA-MB-453 cells treated with a high concentration of morusin was 77.73% (P<0.01). Western blotting displayed that morusin could upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and downregulate the N-cadherin and vimentin in a dose-dependent manner, and thus reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It could also upregulate the expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, indicating that morusin could induce cell apoptosis. The results showed that MDA-MB-453 cells were arrested in the G2 phase, and HCT116 cells were blocked in the S phase when treated with morusin, which could disturb the cell cycle. In summary, morusin could inhibit tumour growth and migration and promote cell apoptosis.
Figure 1: MDA-MB-453 cells were detected by Annexin V/7-AAD staining and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; (B) The apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-453 cells treated with different concentrations Morusin for 48 h. (*p<0.05, compared with the control; ** p<0.01, compared with the control).
Xiao Lu Yin
Soochow University, P R China
Title: Gynura divaricata rich in dicaffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid restrains islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice
Biography:
Xiao Lu Yin is currently a graduate student in Applied Biology from Soochow University, P R China. Her research interest focuses on biological properties and developing new use of sericulture waste, in particular applications of mulberry branches in biomedical materials, biomedicines, and cosmetics.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective effect of Gynura divaricata (GD) in diabetic mice. Gynura divaricata (GD) is a kind of natural products for edible and medicine. The analytical results showed that the methanol extract of GD riches in 10.3% 3, 5- or 6.8% 4, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5.6% chlorogenic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD). After STZ-induced 2 type diabetic mice (male ICR) were orally administered with 1%, 5% and 10% GD diet for 4 weeks, a series of assays was performed. The hypoglycaemic rate of fasting blood glucose (FBG) reached 41.4% in 10% GD group and the fasting serum insulin in the highest dose GD group has decreased as low as normal group. GD treatment significantly reduced the glycosylated serum protein (GSP) level in diabetic mice. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were markedly increased; while the malonaldehyde (MDA) level was decreased in pancreas tissue by treatment of GD. HE-staining showed that the pathological damage in islets with pancreatic b-cells was ameliorated by GD treatment. An immunohistochemical assay showed that GD promoted marked b-cell regeneration. GD treatment also caused notable increase in GLUT2, GK, MafA, PDX-1, and Bcl-2 as well as reduction in Bax and caspase-3 expression as shown by Western Blot analysis. In conclusion, GD exerts the pronounced hypoglycaemic effect by restraining islet cell apoptosis and improving pancreatic function. Therefore, GD might be a promising food or medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
- Plant nutrition and Nutraceuticals
Location: Armstrong
- Obesity and Nutrition
Location: Armstrong
- Role of Nutrition in Disease Prevention
Location: Armstrong
- Obesity & Metabolic Disorders
Location: Armstrong
- Nutrition and Food Science
Location: Armstrong
- Obesity in Teens and Adolescents
Location: Armstrong
- Role of Nutrition in Disease Prevention| Gynecology & Obstetrics| Diet and Nutrition
Session Introduction
Jones W Ng’ambi
University of Limpopo, RSA
Title: Effect of dietary carrot meal supplementation on productivity of Arbor acre broiler chickens
Biography:
Jones W Ng’ambi holds a BSc Degree in Animal Sciences (University of Zambia, Zambia); MSc in Animal Nutrition (University of Aberdeen, UK) and PhD in Animal Nutrition (University of London, UK). He is a Professor of Animal Nutrition at the University of Limpopo, Republic of South Africa. He has lectured at several universities. He has published extensively and is a Rated Researcher in Republic of South Africa.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Broiler chickens are selected for their better feed conversion ratio and growth rates. However, their mortality rate is high and carcasses from broiler chickens have high fat contents. Excessive fat is one of the main problems faced by the broiler chicken industry. There is some evidence that carrot meal supplementation reduces chick mortality and improves carcass characteristics. However, such evidence is inconclusive.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of supplementing diets with carrot meal on productivity of Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 1-21 days.
Materials & Methodology: Two hundred unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicates, each replication having ten birds. A completely randomized design was used in this experiment. The treatments were 0, 20, 50, 75 or 100 g of carrot meal supplementation per kg DM (dry matter) feed. Quadratic equations were used to determine levels of carrot meal supplementation for optimal feed intake, metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 1 to 21 days. Linear equations were used to determine relationships between carrot meal supplementation and productivity variables.
Findings: Dietary carrot meal supplementation had no effect on growth rate, live weight and feed conversion ratio of unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 1to 21 days. Carrot meal supplementation improved metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of the chickens. Dietary metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of the chickens were optimized at different carrot meal supplementation levels of 40.5 and 53.57 g/kg DM feed, respectively.
Conclusion & Significance: Carrot meal supplementation had no effect on the performance of unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. However, carrot meal supplementation improved metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention. Optimal improvements of these parameters were achieved at different carrot meal supplementation levels. This has a lot of implications in diet formulations where carrot meal is included.
David A Brown
University of Limpopo, RSA
Title: Effect of dietary tanniniferous Acacia nilotica leaf meal on productivity and methane emission in yearling Boer bucks
Biography:
David A Brown is presently a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Republic of South Africa. His expertise lies is in ruminant nutrition. His current research interest includes: i) browsing plant utilization in ruminant. ii) feeding strategies to increase ruminant and non-ruminant production. iii) mitigation of greenhouse gases in ruminants utilizing plant bio-active compounds. He has presented his research findings at several international conferences including Canada, Germany, Ireland, USA and UK.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Goats play important roles in the communal areas of South Africa. However, their productivity is constrained by shortage of good quality feed, especially during the long dry season. Poor nutrition results in low productivity and death in extreme cases. Goats also emit methane (CH4) gas which contributes to loss of dietary gross energy and global warming. There is evidence that tanniniferous feeds in the diets of ruminants, such as Acacia nilotica leaves, may improve goat productivity and decrease CH4 production. However, this evidence is inconclusive.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tanniniferous Acacia nilotica leaf meal inclusion levels on productivity and CH4 emission in yearling Boer bucks.
Materials & Methodology: Twenty-four yearling Boer bucks with an average live weight of 23±2 kg were allocated, in a completely randomized design, to four dietary treatments containing Acacia nilotica leaf meal inclusion levels of 10, 15, 20 or 30% of the total diet. The goats were fed ad libitum, allowing a 15% refusal of each diet. The experimental lasted for 21 days. Feed intake was measured throughout the study period. Methane emissions were measured using a hand-held CH4 detector. Methane produced was then read as parts per million-metre (ppm-m). The effects of Acacia nilotica leaf meal inclusion levels were subjected to analysis of covariance. Where the covariates showed no significant effect, the data was analyzed with analysis of variance at 5% level of probability with diet as a fixed factor.
Findings: Acacia nilotica leaf meal improved diet crude protein. Additionally, inclusion of Acacia nilotica leaf meal reduced CH4 emission in Boer bucks.
Conclusion & Significance: Acacia nilotica leaf meal had positive impact on animal productivity and enteric methane emissions. Thus, Acacia nilotica leaves have a potential of being a protein feed for ruminants.
- Nutrition and Cancer| Livestock Nutrition |Nutrition and Food Science| Current Research in Nutrition and Dietetics| Food Processing & Technology| Food science and technology |Diet in Obesity and Underweight| Anti-Obesity Drugs| Childhood Obesity and Effects| Current research on Obesity| Obesity in Real Life
Session Introduction
Raluca Maria Pop
UMF Cluj Napoca, Romania
Title: Phytochemicals fingerprinting of Romanian sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.): authenticity evaluation and variety discrimination
Biography:
Raluca Maria Pop pursued PhD in Biotechnology (2011) and a master’s Degree in Food quality management (2010). Since 2012 she is currently working as a Researcher in the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Cluj Napoca, Romania (Italy). Her research expertise focuses on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of different drugs and plant extracts. During her research activity, she used different advanced techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GS-MS), UV-VIS spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to characterize and identify different drugs and plant authenticity biomarkers.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Food authenticity involves a complex and comprehensive approach to food characterization at the molecular level. Quality control assessment is an important step in assuring food authenticity. Thus, exhaustive characterization of food matrices is required. Complex and advanced technologies are used for bioactive compound analysis. Generally, two different approaches, selective (S) - using specific and advanced techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and, non-selective (NS) - UV-VIS (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) have been used so far in authenticity evaluation. Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) represents a valuable source of important bioactive compounds for human health and nutrition, such as fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, phenolics, carotenoids. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds received much interest being associated with lower risk of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and eye disease, cancer or diabetes. Also, they are considered good biomarkers for quality and authenticity evaluation.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the composition of main phenolic and carotenoids compounds and to identify the specific quality and authenticity biomarkers.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: HPLC-PAD (High performance liquid chromatography with Pulsed amperometric detector), GC–MS (Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy) and UHPLC–PAD–ESI-
MS (Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography – Pulsed amperometric detector - Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy) techniques were used for carotenoids characterization. UHPLC/PDA–ESI/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array-Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy) was used for phenolic compounds analysis. (NS): UV-Vis and FT-IR have been used for both carotenoids and phenolic compounds analysis.
Findings: Regarding carotenoids, berries had zeaxanthin di-palmitate and b carotene as major compounds, while leaves had lutein, b-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin. Regarding phenolic compounds, berries and leaves had isorhamnetin (I) glycosides in different ratios as major compounds. Using Principal component analysis (PCA) the carotenoid and the phenolic compounds biomarkers were identified for both berries and leaves. (NS): The specific bands for samples discrimination were also identified.
Conclusion & Significance: Both selective and non-selective approaches were successfully used for sample authenticity determination.
Mworozi Edison Arwanire
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Title: The under-estimated problem of obesity among children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): a case of Uganda and South Africa
Biography:
Mworozi Edison Arwanire is a Senior Consultant Pediatrician at Mulago National Referral Hospital and Honorary Lecturer at the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University and Professor of Pediatrics, St. Augustine International University. He is interested in infectious diseases, childhood immunization and non-communicable diseases. He has published widely and is a Peer-reviewer for several journals. He is a Member of several professional and technical bodies including: the Uganda Medical Association, Uganda Pediatric Association, International Society for Infectious Diseases, International Pediatric Association, Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, East African Rotavirus Advisory Collaborative HIV Vaccine Trials and East African Centre for Vaccines and Immunization.
Abstract:
During the past two decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children globally has increased from 4.8% to 6.1% and the total number doubled from 5.4 to 10.3 million. Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with ill health during childhood, premature mortality and physical morbidity in adulthood. Once obesity is established in children, it is challenging to reverse. Until recently, overweight and obesity were considered as diseases of the developed world, while malnutrition has been considered a problem of the developing world. Several studies have established that obesity and overweight among children in SSA are on the rise. Studies done in South Africa found the prevalence of obesity in children aged 3–16 years to be 3.2% for boys and 4.9% for girls while overweight was 14% for boys and 17.9% for girls. It was further demonstrated that in rural areas, overweight and obesity were more prevalent among girls (15%) than boys (4%). Similarly, studies in Uganda have indicated high prevalence of obesity (32.3%) and overweight (21.7%) among school children and higher prevalence among those in private schools (16.6%) compared to those in public schools (11.5%). In adults, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in peri-urban than rural areas. Among the factors associated with the high prevalence of obesity and overweight are; low physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, dietary intake, psychosocial factors, female gender, inaccurate perceptions about dieting, weight and health status and potential social isolation. This paper aims at raising awareness about overweight and obesity among children in SSA.
Sarfraz Khokhar
Rasimo Systems LLC, USA
Title: A comprehensive system for weight management, implementing golden rules and findings of popular field trials and research through innovative technology
Biography:
Sarfraz Khokhar has his expertise in developing solution to complex problem through technology. He has built this systems after years of research, observation, study and self experince. Most of the prgrams for weight management are expensive for low-income and middle class people. Dr. Khokhar wanted to build and effective yet very cost effective system for the masses.
Abstract:
There are countless research programs and field trials to understand obesity and find ways to stop or mitigate thsse epedemic. The results are spread to people through various channels. Most of the findings on what people should do is a common knowledge. Moreover, there are numerous gadgets and programs to help people loose weight. It is $246 B market, of which $66B is US alone. Nonetheless, people are getting bigger and bigger besides all the efforts they do. When they are tired of not succeeding, they loose heart. On the execution front, what is missing? There is no comprehensive system that would assist and guide people when they are executing their effort on weight management. We have developed a complete system, SureFiz, which comprises of an innovative pattent pending scale and suite of ground breaking software programs and applications weaved through internet of things, data analytics and artificial intelligence. This system implements golden rules and findings of popular research through technology. The scale itself is a breakthough in scale technologies, which shows the users where they stand in their overall and short term goals right on its screen. It implements the idea of breaking large goals into sub goals, accountibility circle, and the idea of instant feedback as you step on the scale. The sub goals are dynamically assigned, reassigned and manage by a pettent pending algorithm. The system put the user back on track if he/she gets of track. It is truley a Secret Sauce that has been missing for decades.
Ananda Mohan Chakraborty
Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
Title: Association of epicardial adipose tissue thickness with left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction among Indian phenotype
Biography:
A M Chakraborty completed his MBBS from North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling and is presently doing his Residency in Internal Medicine in IPGMER, Kolkata. He has published number of papers in reputed journals during his Post-graduate Traineeship.
Abstract:
The metabolic effects of obesity are a result of increased adiposity in the ectopic sites. Ectopic fat deposition promotes insulin resistance and increases cardiovascular risk. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat of the heart. Indian phenotype is different in many senses; despite of low body mass index (BMI), they have high abdominal and visceral fat, high insulin resistance, low level of adiponectin, high CRP, low HDL and high small dense lipoprotein and triglyceride with more metabolic complications compared to the Western counterparts. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence and extent of left ventricular dysfunction in relation with EAT among patients with Indian phenotype. Overweight and obesity was diagnosed based on BMI. The measurement of EAT thickness and left ventricular dysfunction was performed by transthoracic echocardiography. Among 146 obese and overweight patients assessed, the mean EAT thickness was 5.607 (SD 1.59). Patients having left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) had a mean EAT thickness of 5.60 (SD: 1.66) compared to 4.80 (SD: 2.2) among normal persons (two-tailed P = 0.011, <0.05), which is statistically significant. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) patients had mean EAT thickness of 6.33 (SD: 0.94) compared to 5.35 (SD: 1.58) in normal patients (tow-tailed P = 0.0001, <0.05), that is statistically significant. Mean EAT was poorly correlated with waist circumference and BMI in this study. Greater EAT was found in subjects with higher insulin resistance. EAT was significantly associated with LVDD and LVSD even after adjusting for other metabolic risk factors.
Biography:
Carmen Ghantous is a registered dietitian who founded Carmen’s Diet Clinic in 2013. She offers nutrition and wellness counselling to individuals and corporations. He a specialist in weight management, diabetes, cholesterol, triglycerides treatments, athletes, children, pregnant, breastfeeding women and elderly people nutrition.In addition to Carmen’s aforementioned qualifications, Carmen’s owe three clinics located in different regions in Beirut and she is the health analyst for Unilever Lebanon, Acuvue , Sohnele and Braun products.To help teen achieve improved health, weight loss and overall well-being, Carmen has implemented also a nutrition therapy program for high school students ( St Joseph School) during 2015-2016 and scheduled seminars at Ecole Secondaire des Filles de La Charite -Achrafieh ,College Saint Famille-Fanar , and the Lebanese American University (LAU) Beirut. Carmen is graduated from the Holy Spirit University in Nutrition and Food Studies and completed her dietetic residency at the Lebanese Hospital Geitawi Lebanon. Carmen’s involvement with her patients is not limited to schedule clinic appointments; she also plans regular free nutrition seminars and collaborates with a personal trainer and psychologist to give her patients a comprehensive approach to health living. Carmen has been quoted on MTV at The Doctors show, on AL Jadeed TV with Chef Richard, Radio One Lebanon with Gavin Ford, Light FM with Tanguy Focon & Lebnen El Hor station (every Wednesday until today) . She has also written articles in AL NAHAR Newsletters and AL NASHRA OnlineNews. Carmen’s has participated also in all the international events that took place in Biel (like INSHAPE exhibition 2015, RAMADANIYAT exhibition 2015-2016 and BEIRUT COOKING FESTIVAL 2016 ..
Abstract:
National Diabetes Month is observed every November so individuals, health care professionals, organizations, and communities across the country should bring attention and awareness to diabetes and its impact on millions of people.
Diet & Diabetes: This theme highlights the importance of managing diabetes to prevent diabetes- related health problems such as heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, vision loss, and amputation. The theme also serves as a reminder to people who may be struggling with the demands of managing diabetes that they can fight these undesirable troubles by the diet.
This presentation is prepared as community awareness campaign for managing diabetes for a longer, healthier life and it will includes why diet is important (fast facts on diabetes and objective), healthy eating (meal plan and dietary advices for diabetes), control the quantity of fats and carbohydrates, importance of weight management and physical activity, and we will finalize by 10 tips for a fit life and body.
Paloma Collado
National Distance Education University (UNED), Spain
Title: Does estradiol have a role during development in the alterations? Produced by under- or over-nutrition in male and female rats?
Biography:
Paloma Collado is a professor of psychobiology at the National University of Distance Education (UNED) in Spain. She obtained her PhD in psychobiology in 1990. Her research has been focused since the beginning of her career in the field of physiological psychology, and for the last fifteen years, on the mechanisms involved in the development of the cerebral circuits that control food intake in rodents. Particularly, this research has focused on the vulnerability of brain circuits that regulate energy homeostasis to under- and over -nutrition, and also on the factors that could modulate the adverse effects that an inadequate nutrition produces during development. She has developed this research as principal Investigator of different grants in collaboration with researchers from the University of Cambridge, the University of Turin and the Department of Endocrinology at the University Hospital Niño Jesus. Her research has been published in international peer-reviewed journals.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Adequate nutrition during the early stages of life is crucial for proper development of the neurohormonal systems that control food intake. Numerous investigations have shown that both under- and over-nutrition produce alterations in the functioning of the systems that regulate energy metabolism, and some of these alterations have been shown to be different in male and female rats. In the past decade it has been shown that leptin acts as a trophic factor during development in the programming of hypothalamic circuits that control energy metabolism. Our hypothesis is that estradiol, which shares with leptin the pathway to regulate food intake, could modulate the alterations produced by under- or over-nutrition during the early postnatal stage. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Male and female Wistar rats were submitted to a high fat (HFD) (34.9% fat), low protein (LP) (8%) or a control diet from gestational day 6. From postnatal (P) 6 to P13, both control and HFD/LP groups were administered a s.c. injection of vehicle or estradiol benzoate (0.4 mg/kg). Body weight, food intake and subcutaneous, visceral, and brown fat pads were measured. Hypothalamic neuropeptide content was analyzed by RT-PCR and plasma estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Findings: Changes in several physiological and neuroendocrinological parameters due to malnutrition and overnutrition were differentially detected in male and female rats, with more significant physiological changes found in males and neuroendocrinological changes found in females. Conclusion & Significance: Our results confirm that estradiol during development modulates the alterations produced by malnutrition and might suggest a possible role of estradiol in the programming of the circuits that regulate energy metabolism. In addition, they confirm the importance f studying males and females in order to disentangle the mechanisms underlying food intake to prevent the onset of feeding disorders.